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A court-sanctioned forensic audit of voting systems in Michigan’s Antrim County determined that crucial security and ballot-adjudication logs were missing from machines by Dominion Voting Systems, the company at the epicenter of the dispute over whether voter fraud occurred during the 2020 general election. The findings are part of a preliminary forensic report (pdf) written by Russell Ramsland, a former Reagan White House official who has worked for NASA and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kevin Elsenheimer, the chief judge of Michigan’s 13th Circuit Court, approved the report for release to the public on Dec. 14. According to the report, both the ballot-adjudication logs and the security logs for the Nov. 3 general election appear to have been removed; logs for prior elections are still present on the machines. “The adjudication process is the simplest way to manually manipulate votes. The lack of records prevents any form of audit accountability, and their conspicuous absence is extremely suspicious since the files exist for previous years using the same software,” Ramsland wrote. “We must conclude that the 2020 election cycle records have been manually removed.” The absence of the adjudication logs is particularly alarming because the forensic exam found that the voting machines rejected an extraordinary number of ballots for adjudication, a manual process in which election workers determine the ultimate outcome for each ballot. The Federal Election Commission allows for an error rate of 0.0008 percent, according to Ramsland. The machines his team examined in Antrim County had an error rate of 68.05 percent, the report states. “Because the intentional high error rate generates large numbers of ballots to be adjudicated by election personnel, we must deduce that bulk adjudication occurred. However, because files and adjudication logs are missing, we have not yet determined where the bulk adjudication occurred or who was responsible for it,” Ramsland said. Michigan Bureau of Elections Director Jonathan Brater, in a court filing, said the report “makes a series of unsupported conclusions, ascribes motives of fraud and obfuscation to processes that are easily explained as routine election procedures or error corrections, and suggests without explanation that elements of election software not used in Michigan are somehow responsible for tabulation or reporting errors that are either nonexistent or easily explained,” the Detroit Free Press reported. Erik Grill, a Michigan assistant attorney general, told the judge on Dec. 14 that Ramsland’s preliminary report was “inaccurate, incomplete, and misleading.” Haider Kazim, an attorney for Antrim County, said the report contained several errors the county believes were based on “faulty assumptions and incorrect assumptions.” Ramsland co-founded and manages the Allied Security Operations Group (ASOG), which includes former officials from the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, and Central Intelligence Agency. The group focuses on cybersecurity and open-source network penetration testing. ASOG examined Dominion products in Antrim County earlier this month as part of a lawsuit stemming from the post-election flipping of roughly 6,000 votes between President Donald Trump and former Vice President Joe Biden. The plaintiff, William Bailey, disputed the official explanation that the votes were shifted due to human error. The ASOG team inspected and performed forensic duplication on the county’s election management server, compact flash cards used by local precincts in their Dominion ImageCast system, memory sticks used by Dominion Voter Assist Terminals, and memory sticks used for the poll book. Security Logs In addition to missing adjudication logs, the examination found that the systems are missing security logs prior to 11 p.m. on Nov. 4. “This means that all security logs for the day after the election, on Election Day, and prior to Election Day are gone. Security logs are very important to an audit trail, forensics, and for detecting advanced persistent threats and outside attacks, especially on systems with outdated system files,” Ramsland said. “These logs would contain domain controls, authentication failures, error codes, times users logged on and off, network connections to file servers between file accesses, internet connections, times, and data transfers. “Other server logs before November 4, 2020, are present; therefore, there is no reasonable explanation for the security logs to be missing.” Evidence Preservation The Amistad Project, an election integrity group, filed evidence preservation requests in five battleground states in response to the findings of the Ramsland report. “We’re filing in all swing states a demand that judges step in and preserve evidence to avoid it from being destroyed or spoiled by the intentional or reckless acts of executive officials,” said Phill Kline, the director of the project. Amistad had previously filed post-election lawsuits in Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. “The error rate detailed in this report has implications for every state where we have litigation, and it comes on a day when officials are blocking legislators from having their say about elections in their states,” Kline said in a statement. “This joins with other compelling evidence that the elections in these states cannot be certified under the law.” Designed to ‘Influence Election Results’ According to Ramsland, the errors unearthed during the forensic exam appear to be a feature, rather than a bug. “The system intentionally generates an enormously high number of ballot errors. The electronic ballots are then transferred for adjudication. The intentional errors lead to bulk adjudication of ballots with no oversight, no transparency, and no audit trail. This leads to voter or election fraud,” Ramsland wrote. “Based on our study, we conclude that The Dominion Voting System should not be used in Michigan. We further conclude that the results of Antrim County should not have been certified.” The report was released to the public shortly before presidential electors convened across the nation to formally cast their votes for president and vice president. In Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Georgia, presidential electors for Trump cast their votes despite their states having certified the Democratic electors. “WOW. This report shows massive fraud. Election changing result!” Trump wrote on Twitter on Dec. 14. The preliminary report didn’t include the underlying data ASOG examined. Ramsland had previously filed an affidavit with a major error in it as part of an election lawsuit brought by Lin Wood. The affidavit mixed up counties from Minnesota and Michigan. ‘Votes Can Be and Were Changed’ The ASOG team visited Central Lake Township on Nov. 27 to inspect the Dominion ImageCast Precinct system. Central Lake Township Clerk Judith Kosloski presented the auditors with two ballot tabulator tapes, one produced on Nov. 3 and another on Nov. 6. Kosloski told the auditors that Connie Wing of the County Clerk’s Office instructed her on Nov. 5 to retabulate the ballots that were counted on Nov. 3. The second tabulation altered an estimated 1,474 votes in a precinct where a total of 1,494 votes were cast, the auditors estimate. The massive shift included a school board race in which one candidate gained 742 votes and another lost 657 votes, printed tapes provided to the auditors show. In another school board race, 657 votes vanished in a second tabulation of a race that had 663 votes cast on the first count. When the auditors visited the Antrim County Clerk on Dec. 6, they discovered that two different versions of election software were used for the machine that tabulated the Central Lake Township ballots. In total, the use of the two software versions altered more than 60 percent of the votes, “inexplicably impacting every single election contest in a township with less than 1500 voters,” the report states. Zachary Stieber and Jack Phillips contributed to this report.

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